Thursday, 10 December 2009

Bibliography: Books

Critical Investigation - An investigation into the representation of teenagers in Hollywood productions and how this has changed over the years.

1. Blandford, Steve (2001): The Film Studies Dictionary, London; Arnold.
Page 238.

"Lewis (1992) sees the teen film as addressing major issues like alienation, delinquency, rebellion, sex and gender, consumption and nostalgia"

This quote will relate to my critical investigation as it is stating that there are films that address these issues due to them being important in the media. This connotes that the media is representing teenagers negatively but some films are being produced to address these issues and make the public see that teenagers are not all delinquent.

2. O'Sullivain, Tim, Jewkes, Yvonne eds (1997): The Media Studies Reader, London; Arnold.
Page 75

"Perkins understanding of stereotypes is that they are ideological concepts; they select personality traits, mental, sexual or personal, that have particular ideological significance."

This quote will relate to my critical investigation as it based on stereotypes. This shows that Perkins believes that stereotypes have a variety of impacts which can be personality traits, mental, sexual or personal. This relates to teenagers as they are being stereotyped from their personality due to the way they are beginning to behave which has labelled all teenagers in this way.

3. Neale, Steve (2000): Genre and Hollywood, London; Routledge.
Page 119

"During the course of the twentieth century in America and elsewhere in the industrialized west, a series of social policies, practices and institutions have increasingly begun to treat those under 20 as both distinct and separate from adults, two key terms have emerged in America to mark it: 'adolescence' (term used by psychologist G.Stanley Hall in 1904) and 'teenager' (a term first used in the popular press in the 1920's)."

This quote will link to my critical investigation as it is showing the way in which America is beginning to view teenagers which is in a negative way as they are being treated as if they are not equal. This connotes that because of this representation, it may be why that in Hollywood productions that teenagers are being represented negatively and shown as a threat to the public.

4. Bennett, Peter, Slater, Jerry Wall, Petter (2006): A2 Media Studies: The Essential Introduction, Abingdon Oxon; Routledge.

Page 77

"Marshall Mcluhan dubbed the mass media 'an extension of our senses', he meant that the sheer speed of contemporary media channels reflects the speed of our senses in face to face communication. The media rarely 'see' by accident and never without interest, although it is often known to 'cover its tracks' by allowing reportage and 'realise' to be casually confused with reality."

This quote will relate to my critical investigation as it shows that the media represent groups/places without having a care as they will just want the story to sell and interest the public. This will relate to my investigation as similarly this must be happening to teenagers as the media is creating a moral panic out of teenagers which has interested the public and made the story very popular.

5. Sardar, Ziauddin, Loon, Borin (2000): Introducing Media Studies, UK; Totem Books.
Page 77

"Stan Cohen argued that the media labelled youth culture in a stereotyped and negative way, thus creating "folk devils" and were reported in a way to create a moral panic."

This will link to my critical investigation as it shows that Stan Cohen also believes that the way in which teenagers have been stereotyped has resulted in them be labelled as "folk devils" which has meant that they gained a negative image in the media. This connotes that the public now find teenagers a threat and believe that they are a group that will cause trouble in the society.

6. Carter, Cynthia, Weaver, C.Kay (2003): Violence and the Media, Buckingham; Open University Press.
Page 52

"Barry (1999) remembers that Blackboard Jungle and Rebel without a cause were deeply alarming in their portrayal of teenagers willing to defy school teachers and beat up other students. This response provides an interesting indication of the emotional impact that the films had upon Barry in that they promoted consideration of the morality and consequences of the students violent acts."

This quote links to my critical investigation as it shows that due to the behaviour of teenagers in movies, it has resulted in teenagers in reality behaving like this. This connotes that Barry believes that the representation of teenagers has been created due to the movies that are influencing teenagers and by watching movies that are represented teenagers negatively, it has resulted in the public also believing this representation which makes teenagers be represented more negatively in the media.

7. Nicholos, Joe, Price, John (1998): Advanced Studies in Media, United Kingdom; Nelson.
Page 44

"Murphy believes that these ideas become stereotypes which are 'unrealistic' and 'unsatisfactory'."

This quote will relate to my critical investigation as it is based on stereotypes which shows that the representations that are created are unrealistic and unsatisfactory. This connotes that stereotypes that are created in the media are not always realistic and are stereotypes that cannot be believed on as they can be exaggerated at times. This will relate to my topic as it is based on the representations of teenagers in Hollywood productions and I can look at if this is the case in Hollywood productions.

8. Branston, Gill, Stafford, Roy (1996): The Media Studies Book Second Edition, London; Routledge.

Page 133

"It is important that debates over representation should not keep simply to the level of textual analysis. Other activities are also crucial in shifting taken per granted assumptions. These include:

- Political change and the ways it can widen.

- Employment patterns and production achievements in media industries.

- Access to dissenting mechanisms like the right of reply.

- Audiences ability to come across, and feel comfortable with a wide range of media forms."

This quote will relate to my critical investigation as it shows what representations are based on. When looking at my critical investigation, I can see whether this representation is being creates which will allow me to understand the representation of teenagers in Hollywood productions.

9. O'Sullivian, Tim, Dutton, Brian, Rayner, Philip (1994): Studying the Media Second Edition, Great Britain; Arnold

Page 86

"Martin Barker (1998) goes further, to the extent of dismissing the concept of the stereotype as a 'useless tool for investigating texts'. Its first objection is that stereotypes are condemned both for misrepresenting the 'real world'."

This quote will relate to my critical investigation as it shows that the media represent certain groups in a negative way which results to the public misrepresenting certain groups. This is possible in the representation of teenagers as they may be represented negatively because of the media and this is then making the public believe this about society too.

10. Curran, James, Gurevitah, Michael eds (2005): Mass Media and Society, London, Hodder Education.

Page 341

"One way that the media organise power is through stereotypical representations which re inscribe social rules and roles that are often simultaneously sexist and racist (Fair, 1996) troubling images that some believe are harder to detect in visual representations than in the written or spoken work (Wallace, 1990)".

The quote relates to my critical investigation as it is showing the way in which the media organise power through stereotypical representations. This shows some representations are harder to detect. This connotes that all representations are not easily formed but can be difficult.

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