Sunday 27 December 2009

Task 4 - Additional Web Search . . .

1. www.bbc.co.uk/films/2008/03/17/step_up_2_the_streets_2008_review.shtml

"Teenies wanting amazing moves, tight abs all round and cheesy romance will lap this up."

The website above links to my critical investigation as it is a review on Step Up 2 which is a film based on teenagers and is a Hollywood film. This will relate to my critical investigation as I will be able to look at Step Up 2 and see the way in which teenagers are being represented. This shows that I will be able to see how teenagers are being represented in different Hollywood films and see how this review mentions teenagers in the film.

2.
http://movies.nytimes.com/2008/04/12/movies/12prom.html

"Ms. Curtis (who nowadays seems to prefer tasteful public disrobing to shrieking) would probably be insulted to learn from the press notes of this new film that it has been reimagined for a “more sophisticated audience.” (Because that’s just what you hope for in a slasher-movie audience: sophistication.)"

This website relates to my critical investigation as it has some information on the film Prom Night which is a Hollywood film. This will mean that for my critical investigation, I can also look at this film and see how teenagers are being stereotyped. The article mentions that the "typical" teenage prom is used in the film which shows that this is a common stereotype of teenagers as the one thing they really look forward to in high school if prom. This will allow me to explore more in to the different representations of teenagers in Hollywood productions.

3. www.mediaed.org.uk/posted_documents/repsyouth.html

"The fact is that the media have the power through selection and reinforcement to give us very influential portrayals of a whole range of groups, situations and ideas. We make sense of these representations in different ways according to the values and assumptions we carry around in our own heads. So representation is not just about the way the world is presented to us but also about how we engage with media texts in order to interpret and assimilate such portrayals."

This website above related to my critical investigation as it explains simply the representations of teenagers in Hollywood films. For example, it mentions how female teenagers are being represented in films which mentions that the representation of female teenagers is created through girls magazines. This website also looks at different theorists view on the representation of teenagers which will be useful for my critical investigation as I will be able to look at these theorists more and refer to them.

4. http://teen-culture.suite101.com/article.cfm/teen_stereotypes

"A common misconception for parents is that every middle school kid of this generation is conceited, gossip-ridden, hormone-raging and naive. This is a stereotype. The irony of labeling children with stereotypes is not just hypocritical, but a huge overgeneralization. In middle schools and high schools today, there are ‘groups’ of these stereotypes."

This website relates to my critical investigation as it mentions the different stereotypes of teenagers which are commonly used. For example, this website looks at the representation of Emo's, Prep and Wannabe which are the common stereotypes that have been referred to teenagers. This shows that when looking in to my critical investigation, I will be able to look at how teenagers are being represented commonly and how this is affecting the way that they are being represented in films.

5. children predict more negative behaviours later on,' said Christy Buchanan, professor of psychology."

This website shows the different representations of teenagers and how they may have been created. The website states that parents are to some extent responsible for the way in which their children begin to behave due to the expectations that parents have of their teenager children. This shows that this will relate to my critical investigation as it shows the way in which teenagers are being represented and why this stereotypes are created. This means that I am able to gain a better understanding of the representations of teenagers and understand why they are being created.

7.
http://www.momaroo.com/696329679/a-teenager-speaking-out-against-teenage-stereotypes/

"First of all, I would like to make it perfectly clear that there are definitely plenty of us that are bad people, that are underachievers, that are disrespectful, and that overstep their boundaries. I'm not the type to just say, "Oh, we're so misunderstood! You need to feel bad for us! We need to be treated just like you, just like adults!" But I do want to make it clear that we're people, just like everyone else."

This website related to my critical investigation as it is a article which is based on a teenagers view of the representation of teenagers. This shows that by looking at this website, I can see what teenagers believe of the way in which they are being represented. This website mentions that some teenagers are the way in which they have been stereotyped but not all teenagers are like that which makes it wrong for all teenagers to be represented negatively. This will be useful for my critical investigation as it is a teenagers view on the stereotypes of teenagers.

8.
http://www.starpulse.com/news/index.php/2009/05/18/hollywood_s_obsession_with_the_perfect_p
"But for those that do, be aware of how Hollywood creates unrealistic expectations for teenagers that want to make prom infamous instead of simply enjoyable."

The website above relates to my critical investigation as it looks at the typical representations that are used of teenagers in Hollywood films. This website mentions that Hollywood productions are fond of assuming that prom is a time that teenagers want to lose their virginity which shows that Hollywood is using unrealistic stereotypes of teenagers in Hollywood productions. This shows that this will link to my critical investigation as I am able to look at the different representations that are being created in Hollywood of teenagers.

9.
http://www.boston.com/ae/tv/articles/2008/07/01/in_secret_life_stereotypical_teenagers_talk_about_sex/

"Teen pregnancy has been so glamorized, analyzed, and magnified in pop culture that it was bound to become the subject of a television series."

The website above relates to my critical investigation as it is based on the programme "The Secret Life of the American Teenager" which is broadcasted on the channel ABC. This will relate to my critical investigation as it shows the typical ways that teenagers are being represented in that programme and how it reinforces the stereotypes of teenagers. In this programme, there is a constant time where teenagers talk about sex and there is teenage pregnancy in there too. This shows that this will relate to my critical investigation as it it shows how teenagers are being represented in Hollywood programmes too.

10.
http://www.helium.com/items/1438882-teenagers

"This prejudice stems from the narrow, stereotypical view that the common
media attaches to teenagers. It has gotten to the point that parents are willing to pin these stereotypes to their children, and then judge them accordingly."

The website above is related to my critical investigation as it looks at the different representations of teenagers and shows that stereotypes sell which is why Hollywood productions are enforcing them in order to sell their films. This article mentions that the way in which teenagers are being represented has resulted in parents believing that their teenagers are like this too which shows that because of the negative representation of teenagers, they are being viewed negatively by the media and their family.

11.
http://www.frankwbaker.com/teenmedia.htm

"Good ol' Webster defines youth as follows: Youth (yooth): 1. the state or quality of being young, esp. of being vigorous and lively, or immature, impetuous, etc. 2. the period of life coming between childhood and maturity; adolescence 3. An early stage of growth or existence."


This website links to my critical invstigation as it looks at how teenagers are being represented in the media. This is shown as the website looks at different theorists and looks at examples of media texts that show how teenagers are being represented. For example, the article looks at the Scary Movie.

12. http://www.media-awareness.ca/english/special_initiatives/toolkit/stereotypes/youth_stereotypes_news.cfm

"This impression has been created largely through media coverage of alarming stories about high school shootings, property crimes, and incidents involving so-called youth gangs."

This website will be useful for my critical investigation as it looks at the representation of teenagers in the media and why they have been created. This website states that representations of teenagers have been created due to the media which shows that I will be able to see different ways in which representation of teenagers are being created.

Tuesday 15 December 2009

Bibliography - Internet Sites

1. http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/home-news/hoodies-louts-scum-how-media-demonises-teenagers-1643964.html

This website shows the way in which teenagers are represented in the media and shows that teenagers are being represented negatively continously. This is shown through them being shown in a phase of 'bad light' and negatively shown as they are getting involved in crime and violence. This will link to my critical investigation as the way in which teenagers are being represented in the media reflects the way in which institutions are producing films on teenagers as they are beginning to be represented as negatively in the media and films.

2. http://www.scribd.com/doc/20702360/Teen-Representation-in-US-films-Edel

This website shows the different representationsof teenagers in the media especially in Hollywood productions. The website shows that teenagers in Hollywood movies are being represented as thugs, trouble makers and many more. This website will link to my critical investigation as it shows the way in which Hollywood productions are representing teenagers. For example, this website states that Hollywood films could deliberatelycreate a false representaiton on teenagers for their own benefit of gaining a audience.

3. http://www.mediaed.org.uk/posted_documents/repsyouth.html

This webstie shows the way in which teenagers are represented in Hollywood movies. This website suggests that teenagers girls are being represented as "sex obssessed" which is shown in American Pie. This connotes that there are different representations occuring in the media based on teenagers which will be linked to my critical investigation as I will be able to see the different representations that are being created on teenagers shown from Hollywood movies.

4. http://www.talkingpix.co.uk/ArticleTeenSpeak.html

This website gives a background on ty that teenagers are being represented in the media. It states that delinquency is not only in the "ghetto" but is in lone parent children too which shows that to some extent, parents are also responsible for the way that their children are behaving. This will be useful for my critical investigation as I will be able to explore all the examples that are mentioned in this website and see the different representations of teenagers.

5. http://www.creators.com/lifestylefeatures/fashion-and-entertainment/hollywood-exclusive/foxworthy-part-of-effort-to-combat-negative-stereotypes-of-teens-george-hamilton-why-failure-is-valu.html

This website looks at the stereotypes of teenagers which is why it links to my critical investigation. The website states that 71% of the press on teenagers is negative which shows that teenagers are being stereotyped in a negative way which is having an impact on the way that the public is reacting to teenagers. This will be useful for my critical investigation as it is using satistics and research that will be useful.

6. http://www.media-awareness.ca/english/parents/movies/teens_movies.cfm

This website looks at the scenes which are used in teenage films and how this may affect the way in which teenagers begin to behave. This website shows that teenage films usually have "raunchier" scenes which usually only come out on dvd. This shows that this will be related to my critical investigation as it is looking at the different stereotypes of teenagers in movies such as violent and etc.

7. http://usftherapist.wordpress.com/2009/07/29/adolescence-and-the-portrayal-of-teens-in-film-and-television/

This website shows the typical representation of teenagers in movies. This website also states that these representations, teenagers are able to relate to which encourages them even more to behave the way in which they are represented which is leading to the self fulfilling prophecy. This website looks at the physchological and emotional effect of this representation of teenagers in movies. This will link to my critical investigation as it will mean that I will be able to understand how teenagers respond to this representation.

8. http://goliath.ecnext.com/coms2/gi_0199-2835258/As-if-Hollywood-s-view.html

This website is based on the fact that many of the public are buying in to the stereotypes that are shown in Hollywood movies which is mainly of teenagers. This website shows that Hollywood movies are always representing teenagers in a negative way which many people find to be true. For example, a teenage girl being represented as "a venal, vindictive bitch" which most of the audience would begin to believe about teenagers which shows how the public is easily misled by Hollywood productions. This will link to my critcal investigation as it is based on the fact that the audience is believing into the stereotypes that are shown of teenagers in Hollywood productions.

9. http://www.starpulse.com/news/index.php/2009/05/18/hollywood_s_obsession_with_the_perfect_p

This website would be useful for me as it shows that Hollywood usually have productions based on teenagers "perfect prom". This leads to the stereotype of teenagers wanting to lose their virginity on prom night and become adults which is a typical stereotype shown of teenagers in Hollywood productions. This results to the audience also believing in this sterotype. This links to my critical investigation as it is based on how teenagers are typically being represented in Hollywood productions.

10. http://www.proyouthpages.com/sugarandspice.html

This website looks at the representation of teenagers in different movies and how they are being shown to the audience. For example, this website mentions that teenagers are also being represented as evil kids which is shown in the film Menace II Society. This will be useful for my critical investigation as I will be able to explore these different media texts and see how the stereotype of teenagers is constructed.

Thursday 10 December 2009

Bibliography: Books

Critical Investigation - An investigation into the representation of teenagers in Hollywood productions and how this has changed over the years.

1. Blandford, Steve (2001): The Film Studies Dictionary, London; Arnold.
Page 238.

"Lewis (1992) sees the teen film as addressing major issues like alienation, delinquency, rebellion, sex and gender, consumption and nostalgia"

This quote will relate to my critical investigation as it is stating that there are films that address these issues due to them being important in the media. This connotes that the media is representing teenagers negatively but some films are being produced to address these issues and make the public see that teenagers are not all delinquent.

2. O'Sullivain, Tim, Jewkes, Yvonne eds (1997): The Media Studies Reader, London; Arnold.
Page 75

"Perkins understanding of stereotypes is that they are ideological concepts; they select personality traits, mental, sexual or personal, that have particular ideological significance."

This quote will relate to my critical investigation as it based on stereotypes. This shows that Perkins believes that stereotypes have a variety of impacts which can be personality traits, mental, sexual or personal. This relates to teenagers as they are being stereotyped from their personality due to the way they are beginning to behave which has labelled all teenagers in this way.

3. Neale, Steve (2000): Genre and Hollywood, London; Routledge.
Page 119

"During the course of the twentieth century in America and elsewhere in the industrialized west, a series of social policies, practices and institutions have increasingly begun to treat those under 20 as both distinct and separate from adults, two key terms have emerged in America to mark it: 'adolescence' (term used by psychologist G.Stanley Hall in 1904) and 'teenager' (a term first used in the popular press in the 1920's)."

This quote will link to my critical investigation as it is showing the way in which America is beginning to view teenagers which is in a negative way as they are being treated as if they are not equal. This connotes that because of this representation, it may be why that in Hollywood productions that teenagers are being represented negatively and shown as a threat to the public.

4. Bennett, Peter, Slater, Jerry Wall, Petter (2006): A2 Media Studies: The Essential Introduction, Abingdon Oxon; Routledge.

Page 77

"Marshall Mcluhan dubbed the mass media 'an extension of our senses', he meant that the sheer speed of contemporary media channels reflects the speed of our senses in face to face communication. The media rarely 'see' by accident and never without interest, although it is often known to 'cover its tracks' by allowing reportage and 'realise' to be casually confused with reality."

This quote will relate to my critical investigation as it shows that the media represent groups/places without having a care as they will just want the story to sell and interest the public. This will relate to my investigation as similarly this must be happening to teenagers as the media is creating a moral panic out of teenagers which has interested the public and made the story very popular.

5. Sardar, Ziauddin, Loon, Borin (2000): Introducing Media Studies, UK; Totem Books.
Page 77

"Stan Cohen argued that the media labelled youth culture in a stereotyped and negative way, thus creating "folk devils" and were reported in a way to create a moral panic."

This will link to my critical investigation as it shows that Stan Cohen also believes that the way in which teenagers have been stereotyped has resulted in them be labelled as "folk devils" which has meant that they gained a negative image in the media. This connotes that the public now find teenagers a threat and believe that they are a group that will cause trouble in the society.

6. Carter, Cynthia, Weaver, C.Kay (2003): Violence and the Media, Buckingham; Open University Press.
Page 52

"Barry (1999) remembers that Blackboard Jungle and Rebel without a cause were deeply alarming in their portrayal of teenagers willing to defy school teachers and beat up other students. This response provides an interesting indication of the emotional impact that the films had upon Barry in that they promoted consideration of the morality and consequences of the students violent acts."

This quote links to my critical investigation as it shows that due to the behaviour of teenagers in movies, it has resulted in teenagers in reality behaving like this. This connotes that Barry believes that the representation of teenagers has been created due to the movies that are influencing teenagers and by watching movies that are represented teenagers negatively, it has resulted in the public also believing this representation which makes teenagers be represented more negatively in the media.

7. Nicholos, Joe, Price, John (1998): Advanced Studies in Media, United Kingdom; Nelson.
Page 44

"Murphy believes that these ideas become stereotypes which are 'unrealistic' and 'unsatisfactory'."

This quote will relate to my critical investigation as it is based on stereotypes which shows that the representations that are created are unrealistic and unsatisfactory. This connotes that stereotypes that are created in the media are not always realistic and are stereotypes that cannot be believed on as they can be exaggerated at times. This will relate to my topic as it is based on the representations of teenagers in Hollywood productions and I can look at if this is the case in Hollywood productions.

8. Branston, Gill, Stafford, Roy (1996): The Media Studies Book Second Edition, London; Routledge.

Page 133

"It is important that debates over representation should not keep simply to the level of textual analysis. Other activities are also crucial in shifting taken per granted assumptions. These include:

- Political change and the ways it can widen.

- Employment patterns and production achievements in media industries.

- Access to dissenting mechanisms like the right of reply.

- Audiences ability to come across, and feel comfortable with a wide range of media forms."

This quote will relate to my critical investigation as it shows what representations are based on. When looking at my critical investigation, I can see whether this representation is being creates which will allow me to understand the representation of teenagers in Hollywood productions.

9. O'Sullivian, Tim, Dutton, Brian, Rayner, Philip (1994): Studying the Media Second Edition, Great Britain; Arnold

Page 86

"Martin Barker (1998) goes further, to the extent of dismissing the concept of the stereotype as a 'useless tool for investigating texts'. Its first objection is that stereotypes are condemned both for misrepresenting the 'real world'."

This quote will relate to my critical investigation as it shows that the media represent certain groups in a negative way which results to the public misrepresenting certain groups. This is possible in the representation of teenagers as they may be represented negatively because of the media and this is then making the public believe this about society too.

10. Curran, James, Gurevitah, Michael eds (2005): Mass Media and Society, London, Hodder Education.

Page 341

"One way that the media organise power is through stereotypical representations which re inscribe social rules and roles that are often simultaneously sexist and racist (Fair, 1996) troubling images that some believe are harder to detect in visual representations than in the written or spoken work (Wallace, 1990)".

The quote relates to my critical investigation as it is showing the way in which the media organise power through stereotypical representations. This shows some representations are harder to detect. This connotes that all representations are not easily formed but can be difficult.

Thursday 26 November 2009

Articles Related to my Critical Investigation

Three articles related to my critical investigation from The Independent. . .
Meet the squeaky clean movie teens

The debauched days of the Rat Pack, the Brat Pack and other young Hollywood hedonists with their excess-all-areas lifestyles are gone, says Gill Pringle. Today's stars don't drink, do drugs, or have sex.

Friday, 10 July 2009
Emma Watson

I don't drink, I've never smoked a cigarette in my life and I don't take drugs. I tried a drink a few years ago but it just wasn't my thing so I simply stopped. I prefer to go out clubbing without having a drink," says Harry Potter newcomer, Freddie Stroma, 22, matter-of-factly over salad at the sedate Mulholland Tennis Club in Los Angeles.

Demure not decadent, polite not pouty, sober not sloshed: a new breed of Good Boys and Girls – call them The Squeaky Cleans – is replacing Hollywood's naughty bunch. Their role models are Natalie Portman and Jodie Foster, not Lindsay or Britney. They worship culture, not cocaine, and their favourite haunts are gyms and museums, not nightclubs.

Stroma's co-star and Potter "love interest" Emma Watson, 19, echoes those sentiments: "For me, I didn't have time for that [to rebel]. I was working too hard to be the rebellious teenager, though I'm sure when I hit my 30s I'll go crazy. I'll have this rush of hormones and madness."
Related articles

She's only joking, of course, stressing her gratitude that she came of age in England rather than in the madness of Hollywood where former teen star Lindsay Lohan epitomises the dangers of growing up too fast, too young: "Don't you think I'm one of them? Don't you think I'm crazy?" she asks coyly. "No? Well, thank you. But I can totally understand why they go nuts. The level of interest in their lives and the pressure to be perfect, and they're teenagers. And that's what you do, you screw up," she muses.

When Disney-created pop band the Jonas Brothers announced last year that they had pledged to abstain from premarital sex, they were met by a flurry of ridicule and parodied at the 2008 MTV Video Music Awards by the less-than-pure Russell Brand. While today's young stars aren't exactly in a rush to follow the Jonas Brothers by going out and buying purity rings, there's undeniably a new awareness at work.

The influential Los Angeles-based talent manager Melanie Greene – who guides the careers of Gossip Girl's Ed Westwick and Paul Bettany as well as Stroma – is, for one, delighted by the change in attitude she sees in today's rising stars: "Freddie is a wonderful role model, and I personally welcome the positive new approach that he embodies. Bad behaviour is becoming less and less tolerated. For any young actor who's serious about their career, good values are important."

Hollywood's Squeaky Cleans today boast a growing membership including Kristen Stewart, 19, Dakota Fanning, 15, and Camilla Belle, 22.

Well educated, The Squeaky Cleans are smart, clean-living and moral. Career-orientated, they keep themselves busy with wholesome activities while saving themselves for the right person. They refrain from attending every opening of an envelope, instead preferring to do charity work, pray or enjoy a light, alcohol-free, supper with friends. Indeed, young Fanning even recently pledged, before her mother Joy and agent Cindy Osbrink, that she won't have a teenage pregnancy or get any tattoos or piercings, at least until she turns 18...

These actors all started young, Fanning in I Am Sam at six; Watson debuting in Harry Potter and the Philosopher's Stone, aged 11; Belle starring in A Little Princess at nine, and Stewart making her major movie debut as Jodie Foster's daughter in Panic Room, aged 11, before finding fame as Twilight's Bella.

Stroma's initiation began a little later, and when he walked up the Harry Potter and the Half-Blood Prince red carpet, he celebrated not only his screen debut but also a 2:1 BSc in neuroscience from University College London.

"Education has always been very important to me," says Stroma, who attended the Hogwarts-style Radley College, a boys' boarding school in Oxfordshire. "I enjoyed every minute there. It was a very good school with great facilities and great teaching. It was lovely and old-fashioned and they really taught their children how to be gentlemen. I was having so much fun that I rarely got homesick."

And, despite the fact he has no skeletons in his closet, after the BBC announced his casting as the Gryffindor Quidditch keeper Cormac McLaggen in the sixth installment of the Harry Potter franchise 18 months ago, Stroma eschewed Twitter, Facebook and all the usual forms of youthful social networking.

"I left Facebook after Facebook groups began appearing about me and suddenly your personal photographs start becoming public property," explains the handsome, blond, 5ft 11in actor.
"When the BBC first announced the new cast members, I hadn't even started filming and yet there were all these websites, all having something to say about me. It was very bizarre. It was mostly complimentary, but because I do a bit of modelling as well, they'd got hold of my portfolio so all those pictures got around too. Now there are message boards about me: all these people claiming to be good sources saying things that are completely inaccurate, like my parents are divorced and stuff, none of which is true.

"It's not like there's any drunken photographs out there of me, it was just more the fact that they were my photos of friends and family; suddenly, everyone could look at them."
In common with his fellow Squeaky Cleans, Stroma lives vicariously on-screen, in a world where these smart young actors can make believe all the things they refuse to do in their real lives – Belle playing the mistress of a man twice her age in her latest film, Adrift, while Fanning was seen fall-down drunk in her recent sci-fi film, Push, although she insists that's only for the camera: "I didn't actually drink for that scene. I didn't even know that I was going to do it that way until the minute I did it," she grins.

Fanning has been dubbed The Million Dollar Baby, and her co-stars already number Tom Cruise, Sean Penn and Robert De Niro. Having grown up in such an adult world, this religious girl feels no peer pressure to drink at parties or otherwise misbehave: "That's not something I think about right now and hopefully will never have to experience. I know what's right for me, and I stay on my path."

Priding herself on good behaviour, she adds: "I don't think I'm a brat although I realise that most people think that kids in the business are brats. But you don't have to be a brat to be an actress. I just enjoy it so much that there's no time to do anything like that. And why would I want to, when I'm enjoying myself? My family and friends keep me grounded. I'm a Southern Baptist, and I grew up in the south, so every Sunday I went to Sunday school and I've grown up in a family where that's really important," says the actress.

"I've been to some of those Hollywood clubs with my friends, but we just show up and we're like, 'OK, this is what it is! Great!' and then we leave... I don't even drink alcohol. It's pretty much sparkling water. I've never been a big drinker," says Belle who apparently chose Jonas when forced to make a romantic decision between Jonas and Twilight's Robert Pattinson.
Ask if it's fun being the envy of every teenage girl on the planet, she smiles serenely: "Well, I don't know, you can't help what people say or what people write. People are going to say what they want to say. I am just living my life and I'm perfectly happy," says the actress who still lives mostly with her parents despite the fact she bought her own home – 10 minutes away from them – two years ago.

Likewise Watson sees no harm in waiting. "I'm sure my knight in shining armour will come along at some point, although hopefully not too soon because I have a lot of work to get through and I don't want to be distracted," she says.

While talking with Kristen Stewart on the set of New Moon last month in Vancouver, she sighed at my suggestion that she might have anything in common with Bella, her tormented screen alter ego: "You wouldn't believe how boring I am in real life. I don't have any of the issues that Bella has. If I wake up in a bad mood, I'll go running or do some kind of physical exertion. If you completely exert yourself, you can, like, clear your mind. I don't focus on success and I'm not an impulsive person," she says. "My biggest splurge to date is buying my own home – complete with a studio where my mom can paint."

Neatly placing his knife and fork together on his salad plate, Stroma is nothing but impressed by his Potter co-stars, concluding: "There is that Hollywood scene of young stars who seem to get a lot of bad press, but Emma, Dan [Radcliffe] and Rupert [Grint] are such brilliant role models. There's simply nothing bad to report about them because they're all really lovely and they are down to earth.

"Maybe it's because they work so hard and it's been one film after the other –and they've been doing it since they were 12 or so – and they work such long days. They must have time to let loose or whatever, but they're working constantly so they grew up quick, I think. They learned how to behave themselves and I imagine they must have had good role models around them to look up to."

If Stroma's post-Potter career doesn't pan out, then he already has a back-up plan: "If my dramatic career doesn't work out, I will go on to research and find cures for Alzheimer's or Parkinson's and other motor neurone diseases. It's a very exciting field of research. But I'd like to continue in drama so it wouldn't be very smart of me if I blew this amazing opportunity with an inappropriate lifestyle."
Hollywood under fire for targeting violent films at teenagers
By Andrew Gumbel in Los Angeles
Tuesday, 29 August 2000
A year-long US government investigation into Hollywood's marketing of violence is expected to conclude that the entertainment industry has deliberately and aggressively lured teenagers and younger children towards graphic material supposedly reserved for adult audiences only.

The report, commissioned in the wake of last year's shootings at Columbine High School in Colorado, is likely to renew an anxious debate about the role of film, television and video games in fomenting real-life violence. It could also prompt new calls for regulation of the entertainment industry, which for the moment largely regulates itself.

According to leaks published in The Washington Post, the Federal Trade Commission (FTC) report, to be published next month, shows that R-rated films - which teenagers are supposed to see only in the company of an adult - are routinely advertised during television programmes with a large under-age audience. Producers of violent video games have also been found to advertise in magazines aimed at the teenage market.

Perhaps most damningly, the government investigators have unearthed internal marketing documents from movie studios in which violence is acknowledged to be a useful hook with which to capture the youth market.

It is unclear what the impact of the report might be, particularly in the middle of a presidential election campaign in which both major parties have assiduously avoided Hollywood-bashing for fear of alienating voters and West Coast campaign contributors. It will, nevertheless, be the centrepiece of congressional hearings on violence in the entertainment industry, scheduled for next month, and will put pressure on lawmakers to consider regulation of movie advertising, if not of the movies themselves.

Already, a group of 60 psychologists have written to the American Psychological Association lambasting their fellow professionals for offering Hollywood producers advice on how best to market their products to children of all ages - something they call an "abuse of psychological knowledge".

Film studio executives and producers could be called to testify before Congress - under subpoena if necessary - much as they were during the McCarthyite anti-Communist witch-hunts of the late 1940s and early 1950s. Curiously, the committee holding the hearings will be chaired by another presidential player in this year's campaign, Republican Senator John McCain.
FTC reports have a mixed record in bringing about change in marketing practices. RJ Reynolds, a tobacco giant, cancelled its Joe Camel cartoon three years ago after the FTC accused it of marketing cigarettes to children. An attempt to stop the manufacturers of sugar-laden cereals advertising to young children in the late 1970s was initially successful, but the legislation enacted was overturned after two years under pressure from food industry lobbyists.
Teenagers from hell

Dark deeds done because, like, you know, nobody understands me, OK? `The Craft' is a teen movie from heaven

Emma Forrest
Thursday, 7 November 1996

There have been a lot of duff films made about teenagers. We're so used to the likes of Rumblefish and Footloose that it's a shock when they get it right. In Michael Lehmann's 1989 classic, Heathers, the latest craze at school is teen suicide. Like any other high school trend, it belongs to the rich and beautiful. When a dumpy girl attempts to take her own life, she is scoffed at. Heathers works so beautifully because it starts from the premise that its target audience is smart enough to understand the concept of satire. Similarly, Clueless was a huge hit because it is a reworking of an author (Jane Austen) who never once told a lie about human relationships.

The best teen flick since Clueless is The Craft, in which four unpopular high school girls become witches. The good girl, Robin Tunney, comes on like a junior Agent Scully, all cynicism and ginger hair. But it is the evil Fairuza Balk who, like Winona Ryder of Heathers, is going to have a serious career.

Balk is a cross between Christopher Walken and Norma Desmond, always descending Gothic staircases, nail varnish chipped and eyes shining with gleeful nuttiness. Her character, Nancy, uses her powers to kill her mother's abusive boyfriend and to cause the school's bitchy blonde to have premature hair loss. Like the subtly subversive Addams Family Values, The Craft sees growing up as a battle between the smart, brooding dark kids - the blacks, the Jews, the working class - and the cheery blondes. The miserable, the morbid and the Morrissey fans will inherit the earth.

The tabloid press always seems surprised when a child commits a crime. The Craft acknowledges that the young, especially teenage girls, are capable of nastiness unimaginable to most adults. Warned by a friendly bus driver to "watch out for those weirdos", Nancy hisses: "We are the weirdos, Mister." It is a beautiful moment. Tunney, on the other hand, is weak: the only spells she casts are love potions to win the geeky school jock. You get the impression that she is the one who really abuses her powers. Sure, Nancy unleashes the wrath of God and Satan, but at least she doesn't pander to a boy. The girl thinks big.

The Craft has all the components of a great teen film - the obvious star- in-waiting in Fairuza, the requisite lousy make-over, in which they take the prettiest character and put lip-gloss on her (Ally Sheedy in The Breakfast Club; here it's poor Neve Campbell). The look to copy is Catholic schoolgirl meets Goth - all tartan miniskirts, knee-high socks and black kohl. It also has a hip sound-track (Elastica, Portishead, and a heavy metal version of the Beatles' "Tomorrow Never Knows").

The Craft is the bastard child of Carrie and the Brat Packers. After the Loners (Clift, Brando and Dean) and before Friends (bouffant with blonde highlights and her chums with black bob, buzz cut, floppy fringe and centre parting) were the Brat Pack. Emilio Estevez, Charlie Sheen, Matt Dillon, Judd Nelson, Ally Sheedy, Demi Moore and Molly Ringwald were an amalgamation of teen rebels, jocks, princesses and psychos wandering in and out of a collection of mid-Eighties John Hughes movies. Their roles were as defined as the Village People's and their acting was just as good.

Brat Pack films were the football pitch where proto-Rachel from Friends and sub-James Dean went to play each other off. For two hours the loner and the spoilt princess would eye each other with distaste, before kissing each other's faces off in the last reel.

Apart from The Craft, The Breakfast Club is the perfect teen movie of all time. Ringwald, Nelson, Estevez, Sheedy and Anthony Michael Hall play five students with nothing in common who are forced to spend a whole Saturday's detention together. Adults do not intrude, except in the form of one corrupt teacher who gets his comeuppance. The film struck a chord because it depicts young people trying to come to terms with each other, rather than with their parents or the establishment. Hey, we're self-centred, but vulnerable. The gap within the generation is generally more interesting than any perceived generation gap.

Ringwald also starred in the seminal Pretty in Pink, as a poor girl going out with a rich guy (Andrew McCarthy). I always found it fascinating because the American idea of "poor" is so twisted: we know Molly is on the poverty line because she drives a Chevrolet instead of a Porsche, and because she wears pink scarves. Ringwald's career never took off because, she claims, she is still seen as a teenager. The same fate befell Michael J Fox when he tried to cross over from the Back to the Future trilogy to the cocaine saga Bright Lights, Big City.

Two alumni are attempting to resurrect their careers via sitcom: Molly Ringwald in the Friends rip-off Townies, and Judd Nelson in the Brooke Shields vehicle Suddenly Susan. Ringwald plays a blue-collar waitress and Nelson a newspaper editor. It's very confusing for someone who's seen The Breakfast Club 27 times. "No," you find yourself yelling at the screen, "some mistake. Molly is the princess and Judd is the rebel, and that's how things have always been."

Fear, out next week, fails on every level at which The Craft succeeds. It is supposed to be a teenage Fatal Attraction, a kind of My First Stalker Movie. It stars Reese Witherspoon and ex-rapper Marky Mark, who I decline to call Mark Wahlberg because I don't think he's earnt it: speaking very quietly does not make you a great actor. Our heroine has a winning combination of prissy face and lockjaw. Marky Mark looks like a muscular pixie. The first half is in the tradition of Liz and Monty in A Place in the Sun, except violent and awful, with unattractive stars. This is not a teen film, but a Teenie movie, for kids who exist purely in the heads of 50- year-old executives. It is as laboured and off the mark as Teenie TV like The Girlie Show and The Word.

The point is, you don't need to cast a teenage boy as a psycho, because teenagers are awful enough as it is; that's what makes them interesting, as The Breakfast Club, Heathers and The Craft prove. By the end of Fear, Mark has killed the best friend, murdered the pet dog, tied up the family and made the object of his affection watch.

Summing up her dislike of Fear, one young girl scoffed, "He did all that and she's not even pretty." Make a Teenie movie and be judged on Teenie termsn

Ageism Article

Selina Article . . .

(http://www.guardian.co.uk/media/2008/sep/08/channelfive.television)

Selina stokes a diversity debate that needs addressing

Emily Bell
The Guardian, Monday 8 September 2008

It will come as a surprise to few but a delight to many that Selina Scott is suing Five over ageism in its refusal to hire her for a maternity cover role and choice of younger presenters instead. It is a delight not because Five is worse than anyone else in this respect, but because it stokes a debate which urgently needs to be taken more seriously. Casual sexism, ageism and racism are the collective dirty secret of the vast majority of media institutions, and they represent as much of an industrial challenge as they do a moral one.

The Equality and Human Rights Commission's Report on Sex and Power, published last week, drew a depressing picture for women in the workplace. In general the progression of women at the highest level in the workplace is pitiful and the media are no exception: only 13.6% of national newspaper editors (including the Herald and Western Mail) are women; only 10% of media FTSE's 350 companies have women at the helm; and at the BBC, which has often been held as an exemplar of diversity, women make up less than 30% of most senior management positions. It puts into context Jeremy Paxman's deranged rant about the white male in television. Ethnic minority representation is even worse.

A couple of weeks ago Pat Younge, former BBC head of sports programmes and planning who left to work for Discovery in the US, caused a stir at the MediaGuardian Edinburgh International TV Festival by saying that diversity targets should be like financial targets - you don't hit them, you get fired. I have to say that as board champion for diversity at Guardian News and Media I would currently be firing myself and most of the board for some missed targets. But Younge is right - because diversity targets are not just a feelgood add-on, they are vital to the health of any media business. The temptation to hire in one's own image for most managers is as irresistible as it is subliminal - which is why there are a lot of opinionated women working in digital management at the Guardian, and why we all need targets to remind us to look beyond the mirror.

On screen, any number of unconventional-looking ageing blokes (Jeremy Clarkson, Jonathan Ross, Chris Moyles, Alan Sugar, Adrian Chiles, Jeremy Paxman, Simon Cowell, Piers Morgan) are paid at a top rate for the talent they possess beyond their appearance. For women it is an altogether different story - appearance and age are clearly factors in choosing female presenters in a way that they aren't for men.

The media should be deeply concerned about this un-diversity - not because it represents moral turpitude on our part, but because it represents bloody awful business sense. What is happening to the UK population at the moment? It is ethnically diversifying, and it is ageing. It is also the case that it is, as of the 2001 Census, marginally more female than it is male. And we live longer - so older women, and non-white potential audiences are on the rise. In London, the major urban conurbation and key market for so many media brands, the population is around 37% ethnically diverse, yet this is nowhere near reflected in the management structures of media companies. Or indeed in their on-screen or in-paper representation.

How though, can you hope to address audiences for which you have no instinctive feel, and towards which you show casual discrimination? We are all in danger of becoming irrelevant to the changing demographics of our target audience at a time when holding any kind of audience is key to survival. If white men are so good at solving business problems - and given that they represent well over 80% of FTSE 100 directors we can speculate that this is a skill they must possess in measure - then I'm surprised they haven't grasped this one already.

Wednesday 25 November 2009

Articles Related To My Critical & Linked Production

Three articles related to my critical investigation and linked production . . .

1. http://www.dailyrecord.co.uk/showbiz/celebrity-interviews/2009/11/24/high-school-musical-star-zac-efron-i-m-putting-aside-the-teen-star-image-for-grown-up-roles-86908-21845398/

High School musical star Zac Efron: I'm putting aside the teen star image for grown-up roles

Nov 24 2009 By Siobhan Synnot

HE set young hearts aflutter with his High School Musical performances - but has Zac Efron had enough of his wholesome image? The teen heart-throb is ready to be taken seriously as an actor with his new adult movie Me And Orson Welles. And the 21-year-old admits he ditched his leading role in the remake of Footloose because he feared being stuck with song and dance numbers. "I have to shake things up because it's not good to repeat yourself. I want to be in a place where things get scary," he says.

That meant shedding Zac's squeaky clean boy-next-door image, and earlier this year he took part in a sexy, down-and-dirty photoshoot. Then he poked fun at his three High School Musical movies by appearing in a comedy skit on American TV where Troy returns to school to warn his former classmates that in the real world basketball teams do not start singing for no reason.

As an actor, Zac hopes he will eventually work with directors such as Martin Scorsese, who made The Departed, Raging Bull and Gangs Of NewYork. Some reckon Zac's attempt to grow up onscreen might be a huge risk for the good-looking actor. But he says he's prepared to do anything if he can work with heavyweight talents. "I would do any role with Scorsese," he says.
But he doesn't want to do any more musicals, which is why he recently announced he was dropping out playing the lead in a reboot of the 1984 musical Footloose.

"Me And Orson Welles is a fantastic project and a lot of people worked very hard to make it happen. But this is a crucial moment for me right now and it's an important next step," he says carefully. Dropping out meant disappointing his High School director and friend Kenny Ortega. But he reckons that this was the right thing to do. "I love musicals, but I feel like I've made my mark there. I'm looking for new challenges now," says Zac.

The three High School Musical films have made a fortune worldwide, thanks largely to the highly devoted fanbase who worship both Zac and his co-star in the series, Vanessa Hudgens, 20, who is also his real-life girlfriend. However, the signs that Zac has been keen to move on have been around for a while. A few years ago he announced he wouldn't be joining the High School Musical concert tour as he had a role in the hit movie musical Hairspray.

Around the same time, he quipped to a magazine: "If I had to hear the High School Musical songs any more, I probably would have jumped off something very tall." Earlier this year he appeared in a teen comedy, 17 Again, alongside Friends star Matt Perry, where no singing or dancing was needed or expected. Zac had never played basketball at school, so he had to learn for High School Musical. Those skills came in handy for 17 Again, for which he also learnt to spin the ball on his finger.

Now Zac is proud to have made his first arthouse movie, Me And Orson Welles, where he plays a struggling young actor in 1937 who manages to land a job working with legendary actor, writer and director Welles. The film is a fiction, but of course Orson Welles really did exist - although not all Zac's fans will have heard of Orson, who had affairs with some of Hollywood's most glamorous stars and went on to make Citizen Kane, which has often been called the greatest movie ever made.

This may not cut much ice with High School Musical fans, since Orson died long before many of them were born. "I don't think that's a problem," argues Zac. "Hopefully, they will see the film and be intrigued enough by Orson Welles to look out for his work." He says he had the kind of challenges he craved in this picture - including playing the lute (actually a disguised ukulele) and performing his first lines of Shakespeare, since his character has a part in Julius Caesar.
Zac is hoping the movie will win him a whole new fanbase.

"It's the first time I've ever watched a movie that I'm in and in the end I'm like, 'OK! I didn't check my watch once!'" he grins. "The roles that you want to play are the ones that are just out of reach and the ones you have to stretch for, that you have to work hard to achieve."

"I'm looking for people to work with who aren't afraid to get their hands dirty and push me around a little bit." Zac has also just finished work on The Death And Life Of Charlie St Cloud, about a graveyard caretaker who talks to his dead brother. "It sounds very grim, but it's a fantastic story," he says. "It's a little bit more grown-up. It deals with some heavy material." Me And Orson Welles is probably the closest to Zac's own experiences, since it deals with a young actor trying to negotiate his way through his career, and juggle a crush on one of his co-workers (played by Stardust's Claire Danes).

Most of the film was shot on the Isle of Man, where the director discovered a theatre that was almost exactly like the one Orson Welles used at the time. "Once we filled it with extras dressed in Thirties attire, the place was very believable. It even smelled like an old theatre," enthuses Zac. And he says he spent a lot of time there with leading lady Claire. "We were basically stuck there, we couldn't leave. There was nowhere to go on the Isle of Man. So we lived in that theatre for several weeks. It was fun and exciting, but it was also kind of maddening. I went a little bit insane."

But some of Zac's fans still managed to track down their hero, especially when word spread across the island that Troy Bolton from High School Musical was in town. Zac recalls: "I was looking forward to that seclusion because I'd heard it was a pretty quiet place. But they found it. We had a small crowd of young girls and boys hooraying us as we would drive up to set. I felt pretty welcome."

What Zac doesn't mention is that he also took time out of filming to visit one fan on the island.
Connor Steventon was dying of cancer, and big-hearted Zac visited the tragic youngster as a surprise guest at his 13th birthday party last March. Sadly, Connor died just 18 days later.
The quiet act of kindness shows the mature side of the young star, who has always been grateful for his fans' support.

He says: "I feel pretty blessed at this point to have one of the most devoted fanbases in the world. I'd like to embrace that and take them on to the next adventure.' Zac's down-to-earth nature has been said to come from his non-showbiz background. Born in California to an engineer father and secretary mother, he took up acting at age 11 after his parents took him to audition for a musical play called Gypsy.

"It's a big thing to overcome your first audition," he says. "My parents didn't even tell me they were taking me to an audition. I thought we were going to buy a new video game and I'd never sung in front of anybody before. "I walked into a room where there were words on a chalkboard, a guy behind a piano and about five or six intimidating producers sitting behind a desk. They said, 'All right, sing the words to the song."

"I think I blacked out. When I left, they said I'd be invited for a callback. I can never repay my parents because it's become my whole life." Now Zac is hoping that the time is right to move up from teen idol to a fully fledged actor, like his hero Leonardo DiCaprio. When he met Zac at a basketball game, Leo was happy to hand over some serious advice to the rising star. "He said to me, if you really want to mess this all up, try heroin'," recalls Zac.

"He said, 'That's pretty much the only way you're going to screw this up. You shouldn't go down that road - it will mess you up. Do not do drugs'." Ambitious Zac also reckons that making good movies means he won't be settling down to marry long-term girlfriend Vanessa any time soon. "There's no more terrifying prospect than raising a family right now," he confesses.
"I don't think I'm responsible enough. That's years and years down the road."


Me And Orson Welles is out in the UK on December 4.

2. http://www.guardian.co.uk/film/2009/nov/24/the-lovely-bones-film-review

The Lovely Bones

Leicester Square, London

guardian.co.uk, Tuesday 24 November 2009 20.00 GMT

Saoirse Ronan in The Lovely Bones. How does one make a PG-certificate film about the rape and murder of a 14-year-old girl.

Director Peter Jackson provides an answer of sorts with The Lovely Bones, which leaves the murder unseen and the rape unmentioned.

The Lovely Bones
Production year: 2009
Countries: UK, USA
Directors: Peter Jackson
Cast: Mark Wahlberg, Rachel Weisz, Saoirse Ronan, Stanley Tucci

His reward is a blushing mainstream entertainment that was tonight deemed fit to be introduced to polite society at a royal premiere in Leicester Square. Our reward is anyone's guess. The drama ushers us through the afterlife of Susie Salmon (Atonement's Saoirse Ronan), a small-town kid in 1970s Pennsylvania who is killed by the local pervert (Stanley Tucci) and looks down on her scattered, shattered family from her place in limbo. She sees her mum (Rachel Weisz) flee the coop and her dad (Mark Wahlberg) come apart at the seams. From this celestial vantage, she starts to fear for the safety of her little sister (Rose McIver), whose jogging route leads her regularly past the killer's suburban home.

It's not that The Lovely Bones is a bad movie, exactly. It is handsomely made and strongly acted, while its woozy, lullaby ambience recalls Jackson's work on the brilliant Heavenly Creatures, before he set forth on his epic voyage through The Lord of the Rings. Here, he audaciously conjures up heaven as designed by a teenage girl – a kitsch spread of sunflower fields, spinning turntables and the sort of airbrushed waterfalls that could have spilled straight off an Athena poster. All of which is entirely fitting, and often captivating. The problem, though, is that The Lovely Bones also gives us a real world as designed by a teenage girl. The land that Susie leaves behind is so infested with cartoon archetypes and whimsical asides that, at times, it scarcely feels real at all.

Might the fault lie with the source novel? Alice Sebold's best-selling book similarly held up Susie Salmon's innocent fancies as a kind of talisman to ward off evil. It dared to spin a sentimental fantasy out of a grisly tragedy, offsetting the tang of sulphur with the sweet taste of candyfloss. The difference was that Sebold's novel was not scared to look the central horror in the face. This ensured that it at least part earned its subsequent flights into the ether.

The screen version, by contrast, is so infuriatingly coy, and so desperate to preserve the modesty of its soulful victim that it amounts to an ongoing clean-up operation. Gone is the dismembered body part that alerts the family to Susie's fate. Gone is her anguished mother's adulterous affair with the detective who leads the case. Gone is all mention of what really transpired in that lonely 1970s cornfield. Is this really the best way to secure a crime scene and retrieve the victim? Jackson turns up with his eyes averted, spraying cloying perfume to the left and right.

3. http://www.guardian.co.uk/film/2008/dec/19/film-review-twilight-teen-vampire

Twilight

Girl meets vampire. Girl loves vampire. Girl and vampire go to the Prom ... Peter Bradshaw enjoys this unorthodox but sweet and satirical take on the teen vampire movie

Peter Bradshaw
The Guardian, Friday 19 December 2008

Mad, bad and deeply unwholesome to know ... Twilight. Let's be honest. Which of us, in our impressionable teenage years, has not displaced an irrational horror of sex into a freaky emo crush on a moody vampire with sky-high cheekbones and a taste for human blood? I mean, haven't we all - in a very real sense?

Production year: 2008
Country: USA
Cert (UK): 12A
Runtime: 121 mins
Directors: Catherine Hardwicke
Cast: Billy Burke, Elizabeth Reaser, Kristen Stewart, Nikki Reed, Peter Facinelli, Robert Pattinson, Taylor Lautner

Since her celebrated 2003 film Thirteen, director Catherine Hardwicke has accumulated some expertise in the dark side of adolescence and puts it to good use in this wildly enjoyable new film, an adaptation of the bestselling young-adult novel by Stephenie Meyer.
Twilight is mad, bad and deeply unwholesome to know, and perhaps, in its serious way, the most entertaining teen film since 10 Things I Hate About You. It is certainly a new twist on the time-honoured nice-girl-bad-boy storyline. Virginal lovelies from the right side of the tracks have been conceiving the hots for unsuitable guys since Olivia Newton-John in Grease, Jennifer Grey in Dirty Dancing and Claire Danes in TV's My So-Called Life. But this is something else: an outrageous story of young love played absolutely straight, and actually better and more convincingly acted than many of the ponderous grown-up "relationship" movies we have to sit through. It sports with the high school genre and America's pro-abstinence True Love Waits movement. But it's got something other than satire on its mind.

Kirsten Stewart plays Bella, a winningly pale girl who is the child of a broken home: she has been living with her divorced mom in Phoenix, Arizona, but now proposes to live with dad, a police chief in a small northwestern town near a snowy landscape which vampire connoisseurs will instantly notice is a little reminiscent of the Carpathian mountains of Transylvania. (I am incidentally waiting for a post-modern vampire story to pay homage to Dracula's relationship with Yorkshire.)

Bella shows up for her first day at her new school and instantly establishes herself as a bit of a klutz, but not outrageously so, and she is certainly enough of a babe to get plenty of acceptable-looking guys to want to make friends. But it is Bella's destiny not to be attracted to these nice, normal people and, near the movie's climax, we see her looking poignantly from the window of a speeding car at these very same nice, normal people emerging from a diner, a veritable tableau of the nice, safe normality that could have been hers.

For Bella is instantly attracted to a gaunt and charismatic hottie called Edward Cullen, played by the young British star Robert Pattinson. Edward is one of a super-cool bunch of standoffish kids who seem to have dark hair, pale skin and a very great aversion to sunshine. Edward spends a good deal of his time looking at Bella intensely, up through his eyelashes, as if in homage to Princess Diana. Pretty soon Edward is using what appear to be superpowers to save Bella from various scrapes - and then he confesses his feelings for her and the truth about himself. Edward is undead, from a family of semi-nice vampires who live in the forest, and who have vowed to be "vegetarians" - that is, live only on animal flesh.

Edward and Bella are in agonies. However much he wants to give in to his feelings for Bella in the bedroom department - and however much Bella wants him to - he cannot, because he will become, ahem, carried away. The quaint niceties of conventional penetrative sex will not be sufficient. In the heat of the moment, Edward will need some old-school neck munching and blood slurping and he will therefore condemn Bella to an eternity in the vampire's twilight - and he, of course, loves her too much for that. Edward shows up in Bella's bedroom and they try a little innocent making out before Edward has to wrench himself away, mastering himself with as much virile self-control as a 19th-century curate. Edward is enough of a gentleman to take Bella to the prom, traditionally the venue at which America's young women decide to surrender their virginity to some profoundly unworthy suitor. They smooch a little on the dancefloor, but then he inclines his teeth towards her ivory throat, before whispering a question with infinite gentleness: is she ready?

Of course, all this parodies conservative America's preoccupation with Just Saying No - but it also, in a strange and unexpected way, responds to the Just Say Yes movement. When anything and everything is sexualised in the media, when women and women's bodies are obsessively presented in sexual terms, then what happens if you don't fit in? To many intelligent young people, the world of the sexually active may indeed seem like an unlovely vampiric cult. Is there any romance, any fervency, any rapture at all that has nothing to do with any of this commercially determined sexiness?

Twilight offers its own uproariously weird and engaging answer. It is, in its unworldly way, sweetly idealistic with a charm all of its own:
a teen romance to get your teeth into.

My Critical Investigation && Linked Production

Critical Investigation . . .

For my critical investigation, I will be doing "an investigation into the representation of teenagers in Hollywood productions and how this has changed over the years."

Linked Production . . .

For my linked production, we will be "producing a front cover, contents page and features for a ten magazine."

Wednesday 18 November 2009

Media Guardian Work..!

Guardian Article . . .

The BBC will only survive by understanding its diverse consumers
Peter Salmon
The Guardian, Monday 15 September 2008

A snail could crawl the entire length of the Great Wall of China in just slightly more time than the 200 years it will take for women to be equally represented in parliament. That was just one of a series of striking statistics from the Equality and Human Rights Commission in their Sex and Power report published last week.

It added that women hold just 11% of FTSE directorships, with the judiciary and others also strongly criticised. At the BBC, the figures are a bit better - almost 38% of all senior managers are women - but it does bring into sharp focus the challenge the whole media industry is facing to improve diversity among its workforce.

Tomorrow's Guardian Ethnic Media Summit is a chance to debate what is arguably our most pressing diversity issue - ensuring more talent from ethnic minority communities reaches the upper echelons of broadcasting. The growth particularly of young ethnic minority audiences, is soaring - way above the population average - making them a critical cultural and business challenge for everyone in our sector.

Three Different Articles on Race & Religion . . .

1. Cadbury Dairy Milk ad cleared of racism


http://www.guardian.co.uk/media/2009/nov/11/cadbury-dairy-milk-cleared-racism

Regulator says TV campaign featuring Ghanaian musicians did not perpetuate colonial stereotypes
Wednesday 11 November 2009 07.12 GMT

The Cadbury Dairy Milk advert

The advertising regulator has cleared Cadbury of racism and perpetuating colonial stereotypes of African people in its latest TV advertising campaign.
Cadbury's campaign featured Ghanaian musician Tinny and aimed to promote the
chocolate brand's tie-up with the Fairtrade organisation for cocoa from the
African nation for its Dairy Milk range.

The Advertising Standards Authority received 29 complaints that the TV campaign was demeaning to African people and perpetuated racial stereotypes.

However, the ASA's council has decided not to formally investigate the complaints. "Although the council acknowledges that Cadbury had used stereotypes in their ads, they felt that the stereotypes were not harmful or offensive," said the ASA, which argued that most ads use some form of stereotype device to get a message across.

Cadbury has steadfastly maintained that the company went to "considerable lengths" to ensure that the ad campaign was culturally sensitive and developed as a "joyous and uplifting portrayal of Ghanaian culture and something which Ghanaians can feel proud of".
In 2007 the ASA banned an ad for Cadbury's Trident chewing gum, which featured a black "dub poet" speaking in rhyme with a strong Caribbean accent, after more than 500 complaints that it was racist.

2. Range of Muslim views not represented in media, says Dorothy Byrne

Oliver Luft in Valencia
guardian.co.uk, Thursday 20 November 2008 14.58 GMT

Broadcasters fail to fully represent the range of Muslim voices in Britain, the head of Channel 4 news and current affairs, Dorothy Byrne, said today.

Byrne told the News Xchange 2008 conference in Valencia that there was a problem with the media making sweeping generalisations about Islam, which she said was "not at all helpful".

Addressing a session looking at the representation of Islam in the news media, Byrne told delegates the findings of a report her network commissioned on the attitudes of British Muslims contrasted with their representation on UK TV news.

"I think there is a strong tendency for broadcasters to go and interview young men outside mosques to find out what Muslims think. In our survey, we found that 48% of British Muslims do not actually attend mosques. Therefore you wouldn't get an accurate picture of what people
think," she said.

"They [British broadcasters] have a tendency to go to just one or two organisations for comment ... one is the Muslim Council of Britain. In our survey ,when we asked Muslims who they thought represented them only 11% of British Muslims thought the Muslim Council of Britain represented them, compared with 19% of people who thought their member of parliament represented them. I think we have got to be very thoughtful and careful," she added.

Byrne said that the research highlighted how little the public, and some Muslims themselves, knew about the diversity of Islam in Britain.

As a result, she said, Channel 4 had decided to address very specific issues when making programmes about Islam to avoid generalisations.

"The problem in the media is when people make sweeping generalisations, I think that's just not helpful at all," Byrne added.
"The other thing is that we should not be afraid to tell the truth, we don't need to be politically correct, I don't think it helps anybody to be politically correct."

3. Gay Police Association challenges ad watchdog

Mark Sweney
MediaGuardian, Tuesday 24 October 2006 13.49 BST

The Gay Police Association has refused to apologise for an ad which was accused of portraying Christians as responsible for most religion-fuelled homophobia, and is set to appeal against the advertising watchdog's ruling on the campaign.

The ad, which featured a copy of the Bible next to a pool of blood, ran in the Independent under the headline "In the name of the father".
Text in the ad stated: "In the past 12 months, the Gay Police Association has recorded a 74% increase in homophobic incidents, where the sole or primary motivating factor was the religious
belief of the perpetrator."

The Advertising Standards Authority received 553 complaints - from groups including Christian Watch and the Evangelical Alliance - saying that the ad was derogatory, offensive and irresponsible by implying Christians were responsible for most such homophobic incidents.

A spokesman for the GPA said the association was considering appealing against a series of rulings made by the ASA following its investigation into the ad.

In addition, the GPA denied reports that it had issued an official apology to Christians for the campaign.

"The GPA [doesn't] see any reason to apologise for an advertisement that was merely stating the facts," said Vic Codling, the national coordinator at the GPA.
The GPA said that it is considering appealing against the ASA decision on three points.

The first was with regard to the ASA's ruling that the ad would be likely to cause offence to Christian readers.

Mr Codling said that the ASA had disregarded the fact that the people who saw the ad - and upon whom, he said, the ruling should have been based - were readers of the Independent. Mr Codling claimed that the ad watchdog had instead based its ruling on an "orchestrated campaign" of complaints made by Christian groups.

The second issue the GPA was considering appealing against was with regard to the use of shocking imagery. In upholding the complaints against the images of a Bible and a pool of blood, the ASA said the imagery implied that all the homophobic incidents referred to in the ad involved physical injury.

Mr Codling said that if the entire text of the ad was taken into account, it was clear that the homophobic incidents were across the board, not just physical.
The third, and most contentious, point was the ASA's ruling that the GPA had not provided evidence substantiating their statistical claims.

Mr Codling said that it was impossible at the time of the ASA investigation to provide such evidence, because the GPA was involved in a criminal enquiry by the Metropolitan Police about the advertisement after a complaint brought by Reverend George Hargreaves. Mr Codling said that after the Crown Prosecution Service did not uphold that complaint, the GPA attempted to provide the information to the ASA, but this was not taken into account for the investigation. Mr Codling added that since the ad had run the GPA had continued to receive threatening homophobic emails from people purporting to be Christians.