Task 2 - Additional Reading. . .

1. Cook, Pam, Bernink, Mieke eds (1999): The Cinema Book 2nd Edition, London; BFI
Page 218

"In parallel fashion, Hollywood has always made films about young people (Considine, 1981). They have also made films designed or presumed to cater for what it called 'the juve trade' - juvenile spectators."

This quote links to my critical investigation as it is a quote that shows that making films based on teenagers was like "fashion" to Hollywood. This links to my critical investigation as it is based on teenagers and its shows how Hollywood created films that made teenagers look juvennile.

2. Casey, Bernadette, Casey, Neil, Calvert, Ben, French, Liam, Lewis, Justin (2002): Television Studies The Key Concepts, London; Routledge
Page 62

"The term 'counter culture' usually means according to Dick Hebdige (1979), a mix of 'alternative' middle-class youth cultures in which more explicit political and ideological resistance to the dominant culture is expressed."

This quote links to my critical investigation as it is linked to teenagers. It shows that teenagers are not a dominant group and are being controlled over the dominant groups. This shows that youth cultures are usually classified as counter culture.

3. Bennett, Peter, Slater, Jerry, Wall, Peter (2006): A2 Media Studies: The Essential Introduction, Oxon; Routledge
Page 81

"In an influential essay on stereotypes, Tessa Parking (1997) made the point that we tend to make assumptions about stereotypes which can in themselves be misleading."

This quote is useful for my critical investigation as it is on the stereotypes of teenagers and explains how Tessa Parking believes that stereotypes can be misleading. This will be useful for my critical investigation as I can look at how teenagers are being represented in Hollywood productions and if it I'm misleading or not.

4. Probert, David, Graham, Andrew (2008): Advanced Media Studies, Oxfordshire; Philip Allan
Page 135

"Protecting and controlling the young has always been a obsession of adults society, and the media found easy targets and plenty of materials for sensational journalism concerning the growth of the 'sex, drugs and rock and roll' culture and the many stars and celebrities it produced."

This links to my critical investigation as it shows that young people are continuously being controlled by adults. This connotes that the way in which teenagers are being represented is based on how adults portray them. This will be useful for my critical investigation as I will be able to explore if the representations of teenagers in Hollywood productions is due to adults.

5. Casey, Bernadette, Casey, Neil, Calvert, Ben, French, Liam, Lewis, Justin (2002): Television Studies The Key Concepts, London; Routledge
Page 229

"Today it is widely recognised that stereotypes are inaccurate, simplistic generalisations about a group of individuals that may lead to particular perceptions of the group by others."

This quote will be useful for my critical investigation as it shows that stereotypes are increasingly being seen as inaccurate which means that there may be a chance that the representations that are being created of teenagers may also be this. This connotes that this quote will be able to assist me in my critical investigation as I can see if the representation of teenagers in Hollywood productions is as this quote says.

6. Brignell, Jonathan (2004): An Introduction to Television Studies, London; Routledge
Page 240

"The eroticised youthful body has become a commodity for the attraction of youth audiences and also a source of titillation for the older viewer."

This quote links to my critical investigation as it shows that youths have become a attraction for the audience to see. This connotes that the audience prefer to watch teenagers as it may be because they find it interesting or get to learn more about teenagers. This shows that this will refer to my critical investigation as I will be able to look at if this is the case with my critical investigation.

7. Rayner, Philip, Wall, Peter, Kruger, Stepher (2001): AS Media Studies: The Essential Introduction, London; Routledge
Page 68

"Youth has tended over the later half of the twentieth century to suffer from a rather negative representation in the media. Youth has always provided the media with ample opportunities for negative representation of young people."

This quote links to my critical investigation as it shows that teenagers are gaining a lot of negative press in the media which shows that they are continuously being referred to in a negative way. This connotes that this will relate to my critical investigation as I would need to see whether the news of teenagers is being reflected in Hollywood productions.

8. Doherty, T (1988): Teenagers and Teenpics: The Suvenlization of American movies in the 1950s, Boston; Unwinhyman
Page 124

"These films can be defined as teen pics because they all focus on teenage characters. However, issues of definition are complicated by the fact that since the early 1970s, Hollywood has been decisively 'juvenalized' (Doherty 1988)."

This quote is related to my critical investigation as it shows that Hollywood has a habit of representing teenagers in this way. This connotes that this will help me in my critical investigation as I will be able to see whether this representation is occurring in the Hollywood texts that I will be looking at.

9. Neale, Steve (2000): Genre and Hollywood, London; Routledge.
Page 119

"During the course of the twentieth century in America and elsewhere in the industrialized west, a series of social policies, practices and institutions have increasingly begun to treat those under 20 as both distinct and separate from adults, two key terms have emerged in America to mark it: 'adolescence' (term used by psychologist G.Stanley Hall in 1904) and 'teenager' (a term first used in the popular press in the 1920's)."

This quote will link to my critical investigation as it is showing the way in which America is beginning to view teenagers which is in a negative way as they are being treated as if they are not equal. This connotes that because of this representation, it may be why that in Hollywood productions that teenagers are being represented negatively and shown as a threat to the public.
10. Sardar, Ziauddin, Loon, Borin (2000): Introducing Media Studies, UK; Totem Books.
Page 77

"Stan Cohen argued that the media labelled youth culture in a stereotyped and negative way, thus creating "folk devils" and were reported in a way to create a moral panic."

This will link to my critical investigation as it shows that Stan Cohen also believes that the way in which teenagers have been stereotyped has resulted in them be labelled as "folk devils" which has meant that they gained a negative image in the media. This connotes that the public now find teenagers a threat and believe that they are a group that will cause trouble in the society.